Food scraps must be separated from rubbish and are converted into resources including animal feed, compost and biogas.


The system combines mandatory separation, a landfill ban and charges linked to the amount households throw away, encouraging more responsible consumption.

Smart bins are an important part of the system, weighing household food waste and charging residents accordingly.

Government figures show more than 151,000 RFID-enabled bins were registered nationwide by 2025, serving 8.61 million households.

Research suggests weight-based charges can encourage households to reduce waste, while Seoul aims to cut food waste by 20 percent by 2030 compared with 2019 levels.

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