Research from Manchester found trees can reduce city temperatures by up to 12C. Experts say trees effectively cool urban environments while supporting health, wellbeing and economic resilience. Campaigners urge governments to expand tree planting as part of long-term climate adaptation.

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Conservation groups warned that millions of people live in “tree deserts”, leaving them more exposed during extreme heat. The Woodland Trust said recent heatwaves highlighted how uneven access to tree cover leaves some communities without natural protection, urging governments to prioritise planting high-quality, homegrown trees in areas most vulnerable to rising temperatures.