Researchers at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health analysed data from more than 130,000 adults followed for decades to examine links between caffeine intake and brain health. Scientists say compounds such as caffeine and polyphenols may protect the brain by reducing inflammation and supporting vascular health.

Credits: PA; Author: PA;

The study tracked participants for up to four decades, using repeated dietary and health assessments. People who drank two to three cups of coffee per day had about an 18 percent lower risk of dementia compared with those who rarely drank coffee. Researchers did not observe the same benefits with decaffeinated coffee, suggesting caffeine may play a key role.